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The `!Process Specification Language`! (`!PSL`!) is a set of `F33f`_`[logic`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Mathematical_logic]`_`f terms used to describe `F33f`_`[processes`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Process_(philosophy)]`_`f. The logic terms are `F33f`_`[specified`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Specification_language]`_`f in an `F33f`_`[ontology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Ontology_(information_science)]`_`f that provides a `F33f`_`[formal description`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Formal_system]`_`f of the components and their relationships that make up a process. The ontology was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (`F33f`_`[NIST`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=NIST]`_`f), and has been approved as an international standard in the document `F33f`_`[ISO`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=International_Organization_for_Standardization]`_`f 18629.

The Process Specification Language can be used for the representation of `F33f`_`[manufacturing`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Manufacturing_process]`_`f, `F33f`_`[engineering`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Systems_engineering_process]`_`f and `F33f`_`[business processes`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Business_process]`_`f, including production scheduling, process planning, `F33f`_`[workflow management`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Workflow_management]`_`f, `F33f`_`[business process reengineering`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Business_process_reengineering]`_`f, simulation, process realization, process modelling, and `F33f`_`[project management`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Project_management]`_`f. In the manufacturing domain, PSL's objective is to serve as a common representation for integrating several process-related applications throughout the manufacturing process `F33f`_`[life cycle`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Product_lifecycle_management]`_`f.`:cite-ref-1[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-1]`_`f]

>>Contents

• `F0af`_`[Ontology`#ontology]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[See also`#see-also]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[References`#references]`_`f

-─

>>Ontology

The foundation of the ontology of PSL is a set of primitive `F33f`_`[concepts`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Concept]`_`f (`*object, activity, activity_occurrence, timepoint`*), constants (`*inf+, inf-`*), functions (`*beginof, endof`*), and `F33f`_`[relations`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Relation_(mathematics)]`_`f (`*occurrence_of, participates_in, between, before, exists_at, is_occurring_at`*). This core ontology is then used to describe more complex concepts.`:cite-ref-2[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-2]`_`f] The ontology uses the `F33f`_`[Common Logic Interchange Format`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Common_logic]`_`f (CLIF) to represent the concepts, constants, functions, and relations.`:cite-ref-3[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-3]`_`f]

This ontology provides a vocabulary of classes and relations for concepts at the ground level of event-instances, object-instances, and timepoints. PSL's top level is built around the following:`:cite-ref-d07-v21a-4-0[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-d07-v21a-4]`_`f]

• Activity, a class or type of action, such as install-part, which is the class of actions in which parts are installed

• Activity-occurrence, an event or action that takes place at a specific place and time, such as a specific instance of install-part occurring at a specific `F33f`_`[timestamp`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Timestamp]`_`f

• Timepoint, a point in time

• Object, anything that is not a timepoint or an activity.

>>See also

• `F33f`_`[ISO TC 184/SC 4`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISO_TC_184/SC_4]`_`f, standards for industrial data

• `F33f`_`[Process ontology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Process_ontology]`_`f, ontologies for processes

>>References

`:cite-note-1`!1.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-1]`_`f "Rationale". `F33f`_`[National Institute of Standards and Technology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology]`_`f (NIST). 2007-01-15 [created 2003].

`:cite-note-2`!2.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-2]`_`f "PSL Core". `F33f`_`[National Institute of Standards and Technology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology]`_`f (NIST). April 2008.

`:cite-note-3`!3.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-3]`_`f "PSL Ontology -- Current Theories and Extensions". `F33f`_`[National Institute of Standards and Technology`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology]`_`f (NIST). 2007-01-15 [created 2003]. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007.

`:cite-note-d07-v21a-4`!4.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-d07-v21a-4-0]`_`f `:citerefgangemi-a-borgo-s-catenacci-c-and-lehman-j-2005`aGangemi, A., Borgo, S., Catenacci, C., and Lehman, J. (2005). "Task taxonomies for knowledge content (deliverable D07)" (PDF). Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA).`B100`F9d9{{cite web}}`f`b: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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